A systematic mapping study of software product lines. Boeing builds one, and so do ford, dell, and even mcdonalds. Software product lines the journal of object technology. One of the best practices is to use a single column layout for the new product announcement email template. The hallmark will be a conversion from software development processes that are characterized by developing an individual system and then creating variations of it, to software development processes that create product lines and families of systems. Product lines have been used by the manufacturing industry for a long time to reduce costs and increase productivity by exploiting commonalties between products. Sometimes abbreviated as sw and sw, software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. Software product lines include a set of core assets, primarily in the form of reusable software components that may be customized and assembled into multiple configurations. A software product line is a set of softwareintensive systems sharing a common, managed set of features that satisfy the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way. Thomas thum, university of magdeburg, germany, sven apel, university of passau, germany, christian kastner, philipps university marburg, germany, martin kuhlemann, university of magdeburg, germany, ina schaefer, university of braunschweig, germany, and gunter saake, university of. A large company will often have one tagline and several slogans for each flagship product.
Based on this discussion, we present conclusions on several open issues on product line architecture and software economics. This is a phrase that focuses on the philosophy, beliefs, or intentions of the. This chapter will give you some advice on implementing product lines that make sense and provide benefit to your organization. A software product line can be defined as a set of. Updated 164 best email subject lines to boost open rates in. These can be understood according to four dimensions. A product line is a group of related products produced by one manufacturer.
For example, products that are intended to be used for similar purposes or to be sold in similar types of shops. Nov 09, 2017 software product lines, or software product line development, refers to software engineering methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems from a shared set. In an effort to reduce the codes complexity, management may place restrictions on how many lines of code are to written to complete functions. Product mix and product line understanding product length. But software product lines based on interproduct commonality are a relatively new concept that is rapidly emerging as a viable and important software development paradigm. The increasing adoption of software product lines practices in industry has yielded decreased implementation costs, reduced time to market and improved quality of derived products. The primary thesis of this book is that software product lines, although enmeshed in the highly technological field of software, rely on much more than technology to succeed. The software product line spl is an emerging methodology for developing software products.
An operating system is a powerful, and usually large, program that controls and manages the hardware and other software on a computer. Software product lines reasoning any organization that develops software creates multiple software applications that have some characteristics in common. With explanations of fundamental concepts further illuminated by realworld experience, this book spells out the technical issues involved in adopting a product line strategy. It is installed first on a computer to allow devices and applications to be identified and therefore functional. Mar 17, 2015 love it or loathe it, facebook is a good example of a platform and a software product. For example, creating a product line with a single product in it has a negative benefit. Software product line article about software product line. Software organizations of all types and sizes are discovering that. Jan 16, 2016 software product lines reasoning any organization that develops software creates multiple software applications that have some characteristics in common. For example, automotive manufacturers can create unique variations of one car model using a single pool of carefully designed parts and a factory. Software product lines can be described in terms of four simple concepts, as illustrated in the figure below. There are five common product line pricing strategies captive pricing, leader pricing, bait pricing, price lining, and price bundling. Long a standard practice in traditional manufacturing, the concept of product lines is relatively new to the software industry.
The software engineering institute lists the following benefits associated. Analysis strategies for software product lines 3 we refer the reader to a recent survey benavides et al. Software product lines spls, or software product line development, refers to software. For example, general foods has about a dozen different products in its coffee product line. Social software product lines raian ali 1, carlos solis,fabiano dalpiaz2, walid maalej3, paolo giorgini2 and bashar nuseibeh1, 4 1 lero the irish software engineering research centre, ireland. The strategy encompasses organizational management, technical management, and software engineering aspects of product production. A product line is a group of related products under a single brand sold by the same company. As such, terms such as product category are often inaccurate.
A product line is a set of products that together address a particular market segment or fulfill a particular mission. Product line engineering ple is important because of remarkable efficiencies it has shown in the engineering process. Early generation spl techniques and case studies have provided an invaluable view into the pros, cons. The product line length within a company keeps changing. A classification of product sampling for software product lines. Browse timeline templates and examples you can make with smartdraw. A software suite is a group of software applications with. Thinking of your product line in terms of the features offered.
Towards a formal framework for product line test development. What are some examples of great b2b software products and. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. A systematic testing approach can save significant development effort, increase product quality and. If you look carefully, you will find plenty of examples all around you. Software product line engineering has proven to be the paradigm for developing a diversity of software products and software intensive systems in shorter time, at lower cost, and with higher quality. In this approach, as in singlesystem development, testing is essential to uncover defects. Thus, taking the above example, if there are 4 product lines within the company, and 10 products within each product line, than the product line width is 4 only. Software product line engineering sple deals with developing artifacts that capture the common and variable aspects of software product families. Car manufacturers do not reprogram their computers once per make and model.
A product mix or assortment is the grouping of all product lines sold by a company. Examples of companies with successful product line extensions include gillette, which introduced shaving creams as complementary products to its razors, and the campbell soup company, which diversified its soups by introducing chicken flavors, such as creamy chicken noodle. Another example is the firmware in the computer in your cars engine. The arcade game maker pedagogical product line january 5, 2009 white paper. Whats the difference between a software product and a platform. We can share the common, managed set of software features that can satisfy the specific needs of a big task. Part of the answer to the question is the what makes them great. The arcade game maker product line is an example product line created to support learning about and experimenting with software product lines in the classroom. In section 2, we give a short introduction to software product lines using a running example and we present an overview on important software analysis that have been applied to soft. Architecture, process, and organization for business success. Mcgregor, clemson university and luminary software, u.
One increasing trend in software development is the need to develop multiple, similar software products instead of just a single individualproduct. For example, without your internet browser software, you could not surf the internet or read this page. The product life cycle is an important concept for products and product lines. The main difference from normal, oneofakind software development, is a logical separation between the development of core, reusable software assets the platform, and actual applications. The aim of the question is gather information about the modeling languages used by requirements engineering community and in particular for software product lines in domain engineering phase. Example benefits productivity quality cost labor needs time to market ability to move. Most of these practice areas are applied during singlesystem development as well, but take on a new dimension in a product line context. Collins dictionary has the following definition of the term. Software product lines spls, or software product line development, refers to software engineering methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems from a shared set of software assets using a common means of production. Software product line engineering as a field of study can be traced back to the mid1970s, although examples of actual software product lines built by farsighted practitioners can be found much earlier. Companies sell multiple product lines under their various brands. Generally, there are three price bands which exists in any market lower priced products, middle priced products and premium products. The software engineering institute has identified twentynine issues or practice areas that affect an organizations success in fielding a software product line. The software product line strategy for producing softwareintensive products has produced very promising results for early adopters of the approach.
Product line definition and meaning collins english. The strategic and technical benefits delivered by ple are impacting the way companies build, deliver, evolve, and compete with their product lines. With b2b products, it is very often the user experience that suffers for one reason or another, but the product may be ridiculously profi. The structure of many organizations distributes responsibility for similar products to different teams. Product line definition and meaning collins english dictionary. A software product line is a collection of multiple software. Lines of business may be divided by product type, customer size, customer needs, channel and brand. Product lines are, of course, nothing new in manufacturing.
May 30, 2008 a software product line is a set of software intensive systems sharing a common, managed set of features that satisfy the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way 4. Software product lines however, before we introduce the example, we will take a small detour into the basis of sple. Climate models today are built by coupling components that represent geophysical processes, and many of these components have been designed for reuse in multiple contexts. A framework for software product line practice version 4. Used to search images, with results based on the file name of the image, the link. The principal goal of modelling variability techniques is to configure a.
There is also a negative benefit if the core assets in the product line dont meet the needs of new applications. A product line is a group of related products produced by one manufacturer, for example, products that are intended to be used for similar purposes or to be sold in similar types of stores. Software engineers can share different assets among all the software available in the respective product line. Introduction to the emerging practice of software product. A systematic mapping study of software product lines testing. Software product line spl engineering refers to the engineering and. However, product line practice in the software industry is a relatively new concept. Productlineapproach a system of software production that uses reusable software related assets to modify, assemble, instantiate, or generate a line of software or software intensive products. Productlinearchitecture description of the structural properties for building a group of related systems i. Software product lines however, before we introduce the example, well take a small detour into the basis of sple. Sep 16, 2017 for example, sizebased software metrics often measure lines of code to indicate coding complexity or software efficiency. All computers and computerlike devices require operating systems, including your laptop, tablet, desktop, smartphone, smartwatch, and router.
Language product lines are derived from software product lines 4. You can also see all that in the designs of the below given 31 examples of the product launch email templates. The companys product lines include footwear, clothing, and equipment. Software product line a software product line spl is a set of software intensive systems that share a common, managed set of features satisfying the speci. The scented method for testing software product lines. One brand concentrates on one price brand but the larger brands have the deep pockets to start multiple product lines which can target multiple customer segments, premium or otherwise. The arcade game maker product line is an example product line created to support learning about and experimenting with software product lines in the. The depth of the product line refers to the number of different products offered in a product line. Using this example we will show how a product line is designed, and how product variants can be derived automatically. Software product management sometimes also referred to as digital product management or, in the right context just product management is the discipline of building, implementing and managing software or digital products, taking into account lifecycle considerations and an audience.
The remainder of this survey is structured as follows. A recent advance in sle is the notion of language product lines 112,94. Without an operating system, the browser could not run on your computer. Abstract the software product line approach is a strategy for producing software intensive products.
The book provides a systematic introduction to featureoriented software product lines, and leads the reader to more advanced topics in its second half. Inthis article we tackle this problem by describing the design and automatedderivation of the product variants of a software product line using an easy to understand, practical example. Building dynamic software product lines mike hinchey1 and sooyong park2 and klaus schmid3 1lero. The software product line approach is a strategy for producing softwareintensive. Some software has the same application architecture, some run on the same execution platforms, and others support the same segment of the business. A software product line is a set of software intensive systems sharing a common, managed set of features that satisfy specific needs of a particular market or mission, and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way, according to the definition used by the software engineering institute sei clements01. By engineer, we mean all of the activities involved in planning, producing, delivering, deploying. The authors distill the concepts and principles underlying the field with remarkable clarity, providing a muchneeded foundation for the field. Thus, product line width is a depiction of the number of product lines which a company has. Variability modelling techniques have been developed to assist engineers in dealing with the complications of variability management.
Microsoft word is a popular wordprocessing application that is included in the software suite of applications called microsoft office. Software product lines are an engineering paradigm. Mar 14, 2020 the width of the product mix is equal to the number of product lines within a company. With explanations of fundamental concepts further illuminated by realworld experience, this book spells. Software product lines, or software product line development, refers to software engineering methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems from a. The most common example is the different product lines that are usually sold by large retail companies like walmart. In an effort to simplify functions, software developers could write more. The 3 types of product line stretching and why companies. Software product lines is the culmination of an intensive investigation, undertaken by the software engineering institute sei at carnegie mellon, into how leadingedge software development organizations have retooled for product lines. Hewlettpackard, for example, experienced a twentyfivefold decrease in defects using a product line approach toft00.
Pepsico pep owns, among many other lines globally, frito lay, gatorade, quaker oats, and tropicana. When a company has many product lines and groups them together, it creates a product mix. The main difference fromnormal, oneofakind software development is a logical separationbetween the development of core, reusable software assets the platform,and actual applications. A software product line is a family of systems that share a common set of core technical assets, with preplanned extensions and variations to address the needs of specific customers or market segments. Product line pricing is more effective when there are ample price gaps between each category so that the consumer is well informed of the quality differentials. Comprehensibility of umlbased software product line. A set of software products that share common features but are each different in some way each product is produced using a set of configurable, reusable assets using the same production process the product line is aimed at a specific market or market segment. Typical descriptions of product lines used in retail industry include apparel. A product line is a group of related products produced by one manufacturer, for example. This article describes how this is done in practice, using the example of a product line of meteorological data systems. Product line engineering ple for systems and software is a way to engineer a portfolio of related products in an efficient manner, taking full advantage of the products similarities while respecting and managing their differences. Being developed in early stages, domain models need to specify commonality and variability and guide the reuse of the artifacts in particular software.
Martin griss, a reuse expert at hewlettpackard and coauthor of the highly regarded software reuse. A classification of product sampling for software product lines mahsa varshosaz,1 mustafa alhajjaji,2 thomas thum,3 tobias runge,3 mohammad reza mousavi,4,1 and ina schaefer3 1 halmstad university, sweden 2 puresystems gmbh, germany 3 tu braunschweig, germany 4 university of leicester, uk abstract the analysis of software product lines is. For example, microsoftoffice supports macintosh, home use yuck. It has approximately 300 brands within its ten different product lines. First, the introduction stage is where you introduce the product and attempt. Software product line engineering with feature models. Software product line an overview sciencedirect topics. A software product line spl implies a formal procedure for designing the modules based on predicting how they can be reused to solve a variety of problems. A software product line attempts to reduce the overall cost of developing a product, by amortizing.